Sundarbans is the world’s largest mangrove forest, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, lies on the delta of the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna (GBM) rivers on the Bay of Bengal. It is one of biologically diverse and conservation landscapes of global priority that provides enormous ecological goods and services. The Sundarbans play an important role in regulating key ecological processes to maintain coastal and marine diversity in the northern Bay of Bengal. Over 3.5 million people depend on Sundarbans for their livelihood and income. It acts as a bio-shield and protects human lives and habitation from tropical cyclones and storm surges. The Sundarbans forest is facing many environmental challenges. The ability of this ecosystem to support and maintain ecological processes and a diverse community of organisms are becoming weaker than before. Sundarban habitat conditions are degraded at an alarming rate due to environmental factors such as reduction in freshwater discharge flow, increase in sea level rise, salinity intrusion and sedimentation. OiLAB has been conducting oceanographic surveys periodically to assess the ecosystem health and determine the magnitudes of ecological changes through monitoring the hydrobiology of the aquatic system. Moreover, OiLAB is addressing the impacts Rampal coal power plant on coastal biodiversity. OiLAB is collecting various environmental data from over 75 locations in Sibsa, Passsur, Sela, Raimangol, Malancha rivers and their estuaries in the Sundarbans. Moreover, based on the environmental data, OiLAB is developing a functional ecosystem model to identify the critical areas that need conservation.